The reason of revelation.

Imam Ahmad recorded from Ubayy bin Ka`b that the idolaters said to the Prophet,

 "O Muhammad! Tell us the lineage of your Lord.''

 So Allah subhanahu wataala  revealed surat Alikhlas.

 

TAFSIR

surat alikhlas is regarded to be the heart and sincerity of the believer.

Each time the  believer recites surat alikhlas,

His heart flourishes and his iman in his lord increases and goes higher.

Surat alikhlas came to tranquil the hearts, establishing the muslim and the believer creed.

Surat aliklas contains the attributes of Allah,

The attributes that no one else can be defined with,

Allah, “the eternal” starts the surat alikhlas saying,

﴿ قُلۡ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ﴾ Allah is one.

 “Ahad”

This is the word of monotheism.

the word of  many have lost their lives and were falsely tortured for,

 there in the desert  where Bilal ibn rabah was tortured,

 trying forcing him to give up his word ahad ahad Allah is ahad,

 and he is deeply keeping it inside his heart,

 bravely  uttering it ahad ahad Allah is one.

This is the word that the prophet Muhammad sallaallah alih Walsalllam

 among many others  was forced to leave his beloved nation and city, “makkah”

 this is the word that Allah has created this universe for ,

 to worship him to glorify him to have taqwa of him.

To call him of lordship alone,

This is the word of logic, as never can be lords,

 the lord is only one, the lord is Allah. قل هو الله أحد

 

It's the word of salvation. It's the key of heaven. "Jannah"

the word that changes those who believe it, muslims and believers.

While others not.

Basically it's the word of Islam.

﴿ قُلۡ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ﴾ Allah is one

Then Allah “the eternal”

 says ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ ﴾ ﴿

assammad this is an attribute of Allah's attributes,  means,

{the one whom all depend}

 he is the one that humans  seeking him in their all times.

as Allah says in another ayah,

“and when adversity touches you at sea,

 lost are [all] those you invoke except for Him.

But when He delivers you to the land, you turn away [from Him].

And ever is man ungrateful”

Allah tells that, the people in hardships supplicating him alone to save them,

 but when Allah rescues them they are back to their denial.

 Disobeying and disbelieving.

Another meaning of  “Assamad”  that he is “the everlasting”   “the eternal”

who has no beginning nor an end.0

(As-Samad) as well means,

 he is the One Who does not give birth,

 nor was He born,

because there is nothing that is born except that it will die,

 and there is nothing that dies except that it leaves behind inheritance,

and indeed Allah does not die and He does not leave behind any inheritance.

Then Allah subhanahu watalal  logically telling in the next ayah

﴿ لَمۡ يَلِدۡ وَلَمۡ يُولَدۡ • وَلَمۡ يَكُن لَّهُ ۥ ڪُفُوًا أَحَدُۢ ﴾

(He begets not, nor was He begotten.

And there is none comparable to Him.),

This means that there is none similar to Him,

 none equal to Him and there is nothing at all like Him.''

These  two ayas addressing and warning the disbelievers,

their falsely calling that Allah ha a son

As Allah warning  in his ayat. Allah says in surat Mariam,

(And they say: Ar-Rahman has begotten a son.

Indeed you have brought forth (said) a terrible evil thing.

Whereby the heavens are almost torn,

and the earth is split asunder,

 and the mountains fall in ruins,

that they ascribe a son to Ar-Rahman.

But it is not suitable for Ar-Rahman that He should beget a son.

 There is none in the heavens and the earth but comes unto Ar-Rahman as a slave.

Verily, He knows each one of them, and has counted them a full counting.

 And all of them will come to Him alone on the Day of Resurrection.)  {Mariam 88-95}

 ﴿ لَمۡ يَلِدۡ وَلَمۡ يُولَدۡ • وَلَمۡ يَكُن لَّهُ ۥ ڪُفُوًا أَحَدُۢ ﴾

(He begets not, nor was He begotten. And there is none comparable to Him.)

 

The virtues of surat alikhlas.

Surat alikhlas is equivalent to a third of the quran in rewards.

Alimam Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Sa`id that a man heard another man reciting

﴿ قُلۡ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ﴾

Surat “Alikhlas” and he was repeating over and over.

So when morning came, the man went to the Prophet and mentioned that to him,

and it was as though he was belittling it. The Prophet said,

 (By He in Whose Hand is my soul, verily it is equivalent to a third of the Qur'an.)

Another Hadith Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Sa`id, may Allah be pleased with him,

that the Messenger of Allah said to his Companions,

 

(Is one of you not able to recite a third of the Qur'an in a single night)

This was something that was difficult for them and they said,

"Which of us is able to do that, O Messenger of Allah '' So he replied,

 ("Allah is the One, As-Samad'' is a third of the Qur'an.)

Means, reciting surat alikhlas equal to reciting the third of the quran in rewards.

 

Finally, The meaning of surat alikhlaas as we mentioned shall be in our hearts before our tongues.